Cognitive and Physical Stimulation Toys have on Children

1.Discuss the possible cognitive effect (if any) that each of the toys has on the age group that the toy is targeted toward. What cognitive stimulation does the toy provide? â€Å"At about age 2 children become capable of representation, of thinking about the properties of things without having to act on them directly. This capacity marks the first level of the preoperational period. At this level, the child can deal with only one representation-one idea or thought at a time. At the second level of the preoperational period, beginning at about age 4, children develop the ability to deal mentally with more complex things.† (Early Childhood Development/The Talking Page, Literacy Organization, Research Information ) I have chosen Taffy Sea Turtles Catch and Hatch Pool Toy for the cognitive effects it has on its age group. This toy is targeted toward ages six and up and is more complex. It consists of baby turtles and their shells. You instruct the children to take the baby tur tles out of their shells and throw them into a pool. The empty shells are evenly distributed among the children that are playing. These shells are placed in different areas by the pool by each individual child. The children then choose a nesting place (where they will put all the eggs after they put their baby turtles in them). Then the children can count down to a starting time, like 5 4 3 2 1. The children race to get the baby turtles, place them into their respective shells then race to their â€Å"nest†.Show MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Development873 Words   |  4 Pages Factors affecting development Early Stimulation Studies of the effect of environmental stimulation on an individual s development in either general or specific ability conclude that some specific stimulation should be introduced at an early age while a child is still malleable. An intense, persistent, and regular tutorial approach within the family encourages the development of a special talent or ability and develops learning sets useful in the future. A child must learn the specialized symbolicRead MoreThe Act Of Playing And Learning1010 Words   |  5 Pagesa relief from serious learning, but for children, play is serious learning.† (Mr. Rogers) Children love to play with toys because it is an important form of communication. It is through this act that children can create a life in a world of fantasy and imagination. They can have an enjoyable relationship between playing and learning. The act of playing enables the process of the child s learning since it facilitates the construction of physical, cognitive, and socio-e motional development. NowadaysRead MoreGrowth and Development of Children Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn terms of physical characteristics, the average height and weight for a two year old is thirty-four inches tall and twenty –eight pounds. Over time, their head growth will slow, from 3⠁„4 inch (2 cm) in their second year alone to 3⠁„4 to 1 1⠁„4 inches (2–3 cm) over the next ten years. The child’s posture will change as well during the toddler years. These physical changes are due to improved muscle tone, which is cause for a more erect posture, thus giving the child a taller, and more lean appearanceRead MoreNeighborhood Poverty, Social Capital, and the Cognitive Development of African American Preschoolers1482 Words   |  6 PagesChildren in families with lower incomes at or below the poverty line have been connected with poor cognitive and social development in early childhood. The studies that I chose to use evaluate the cognitive and social development duri ng early childhood using various surveys, evaluations, and observations completed by or with the children, parents, and teachers. Development of any kind is dependent on the interplay of nature and nurture, or genetics and environment. These studies draw from a child’sRead MoreMy Experience Working With Children935 Words   |  4 PagesAs my experience working with children grows, I would like to gain the skills necessary to run a preschool program. I have worked primarily with infants and toddlers in the past few months, which has become a new focus of mine. Working with such young children allows me to have a productive impact on their cognitive development. This opportunity has been a great encouragement and I hope to run an infant-toddler program within a larger school. My more immediate goals are centered around gaining experiencesRead MoreThe Importance Of Playtime Throughout Childhood Development1670 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant role in children beginning in infanc y and carrying on through early childhood. A wide range of benefits to a child’s â€Å"adult† life is in part due to children’s play time. During play time, children often subconsciously create scenarios they solve themselves that help them to solve real life scenarios as well as promote a sense of confidence when approaching physical similar situations. Aside from social and cognitive skills gained, play time also promotes healthy stimulation for the body. DueRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children s Brain1039 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Television on Children Television sets can be found in almost every American’s home. They’re used for news report, daily weather forecast and for pleasure. However, time spent in front of the tube is linked to having adverse affects in the development of children’s brains. Excess screen time can be linked to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, aggressive behavior, poor mental development, and physical health issues later in life. In one study a young six year old boy wasRead MoreObservation: Infant and Toddler Development1568 Words   |  7 Pageswill be discussing the physical, cognitive, and social development of infants and toddlers. The level of exposure to these various factors will determine how successful they develop in years to come. All children develop at their own rate and no two children are the same. The development of the child is based solely on child’s caregiver to provide these essential skills within their environment. Article Summary The article that I read discussed that when it comes to physical development there areRead MoreThe Early Years: The Effects of Nurturance During Childhood on Development1589 Words   |  7 Pagespsychological development. This includes neurological, social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Rao et al. (2010) broadly define nurturance as including â€Å"warmth, affection, and acceptance† (p. 1145). Like nurturance, many researchers have looked at the importance of similar issues such as attention, attachment, and bonding. Conversely, issues such as stressful environments and unstable relationships have been shown to have negative consequences on childhood development. The importance of this earlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Developing Child1433 Words   |  6 Pagessociety evolved and more technologies were developed to support the changes, parents depended more on these technologies as a learning tool for their young children and has become the norm in parenting for the twenty- first century. Over time, children have increased their time on their digital devices, spending less time with family and friends, â€Å"Children and youth get an average of 7 hours and 48 minutes of screen time per day.† (Active Healthy Kids Canada, n.d.) The amount of time spent on their electronic

Avatar Sociology and Jake Essay - 1547 Words

The argument that I will be talking about in my essay is how the themes inclusion, otherness and social solidarity take place in the movie avatar. All these three themes relate in many different ways to Jake and the atmosphere in the movie itself. The three philosophers that will be discussed are Durkheim, Goffman and Mead. The concepts that are used in this essay are to argue the thesis. Front stage and back stage, self, presentation of self, me and I (the diagram), social inclusion, organic solidarity, mechanical solidarity are the concepts that are argued in this essay. The film avatar is based on a character named Jake who is paralyzed from the waist down, he agrees to be sent on a mission to a whole new different world called†¦show more content†¦According to the mead, the concept of self is â€Å"something which has a development, it is not initially there, at birth but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process was a whole and to other individuals within that process, (Mead, 1959:23)† Mead’s concept of ‘self’ relates to the film when avatar is sent to Pandora and he meets Neytiri, and as they start to get know each other better she describes him in way which he is like a baby who is making noises but doesn’t know what to do. The character of Neytiri relates to the concept of the self because Mead says that the self is something that is a development and arises in experiences and activity. In this case N eytiri, is trying to express that Jake is similar to a baby and has no sense of â€Å"me† and needs to experience living in the world of avatar’s to get a good sense of â€Å"me,† and ‘self’. However, Jake is trying to develop and get used to in a world, which is totally different from him; he faces many self-conflicts. The diagram â€Å"Fred and the personality structure† can narrate Jake and Neytiri and there conflicts. The diagram looks at the self conflict between the I and me. Throughout the movie the audience realize that Jake is narrating the plot and questions himself before making any decisions. This is an example of conflict between Me and I. What Jake is going through and his determination to do, which is

University Education for Women Free Essays

Research essay Essay topic: women should be required to undertake a university education in developing countries. In today’s modern life, the role of women has become more and more important in economic growth. However, in many countries, especially in developing countries, low female educational rate is big problem. We will write a custom essay sample on University Education for Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay argues that women should be required to undertake a university education in developing countries. The first reason why women should be required to undertake a university education in developing countries is that it can affect positively some social problems such as family planning and illiteracy rate. People need to know that in most developing countries, the literacy rate of males is significantly higher than females. For example, the percentage of literate males in Vietnam is 94. 0% while the percentage of literate females is 86. 9% (Phan et al. , 2004, para 3). Similarly, according to Chandramouli (2011), the literate male’s percentage (86. 9%) is much higher than the percentage of literate females (65. 5%) in India. Thus, women should take a university education to equal the balance between males and female’s literacy rate. Moreover, if women take tertiary education, they may have more knowledge to understand the importance of family planning to avoid having more than 2 children. Another important reason is that women play an essential role in family literacy. According to Bhandari Smith (1997), mother’s literacy is related to preschool children’s knowledge, language and literacy skills. For instance, a mother is a person who is closest to children in a family so mother’s behaviour have a huge impact on children. If parents, especially mothers have bad behavior, their children may imitate those actions. In contrast, if mothers have high knowledge, they can teach their children better. They may tell their children meaningful stories to help children know what is good or not and do better in school. Having high education of mothers also brings better health care for their children. Therefore, it is better for women to undertake university education in developing countries which have higher birth rate. Finally, women with university education may have more opportunities for jobs or higher social position. It is true that women who have higher levels of education, especially tertiary education can get a good job easier. High- educated women can have necessary knowledge and social skills which they had learnt in universities to get job in today’s society in developing countries which are male-dominated societies in the past. Women have some qualities that men do not have such as flexibility, multi- tasking so if they have high-educated, they can be more successful than man. Furthermore, having a university degree can help women have higher social position. For example, in some developing countries, many high educated women hold an important role in the state apparatus such as Yingluck Shinawatra- Thailand’s first female prime minister. In conclusion, women should be required to undertake a university education in developing countries because of its effect to some social problems and its role in family literacy as well as individual’s benefits. It is clear that government and communities should be aware of the importance of women’s education to make our society better. References list: 1. Bhandari, R. Smith, F. J. (1997), Available from: http://www. jrre. psu. edu/articles/v13,n3,p183-196,Bhandari. pdf [Accessed: May 5, 2012]. 2. Chandramouli, C. , (2011), Available from: http://censusindia. gov. in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011. pdf [Accessed: May 3, 2012]. 3. Phan, T. , Bilgin, A. ,Eyland, A. , Shaw, P. (2004), . Available from: http://stat. mq. edu. au/Stats_docs/research_papers/2004/Literacy_in_Vietnam_-_an_atlas. pdf [Accessed: May 11, 2012] How to cite University Education for Women, Papers

Methods of Project Management

Question: Discuss about the Methods of Project Management. Answer: Introduction A project is an exclusive course of action ventured for achieving expected and planned objectives. Project management is an act of managing the whole process of a project from the starting till the end so that the desired output can be achieved. It is a methodical approach to initiate and plan the overall strategy covering all the important guidelines of a project. The project manager is the one who is responsible for undertaking all the decisions needed for the completion of the project (Bryde, 2005). The main purpose of project management is to help the key personnel in controlling, and executing the overall perspective of the process of project management. The companies undertake required methods for their project management in order to ensure the timely completion of a task and to counterbalance workload of the members for the optimum utilization of time and scope of the project. Methods of Project Management The time constraint is one of the important factor that affects the success of a project and is to be considered most primarily when undertaking a project. From the perspective of project management, it is obvious to manage the time efficiently to have some extra advantage over the completion of the task. Effective time management is of utmost importance in the process of project management. There are several different methods that assist in managing the time efficiently and effectively when it comes to project management (Bennatan, 2000). To make the effective use of time, first it is very important to understand and eliminate the things that wastes extra time and cause delay in completing the project. Sometimes in order to save time, managers skip the planning process and start working instantly which is the wrong way. Planning plays the key role and is essential before starting any kind of project as this results in reducing the cost, time, and the quality of deliverables required for the project. Brainstorming is one of the techniques to be used to analyze the requirements of the project. A sample work plan is to be made during the planning process which will guide throughout the process as what is to be done in a systematic way and reduces the burden of thinking after every step as what is to be done next. The time dedicated to the planning process will reduce complexities and provide a clear vision of the task (Heagney, 2012). Once the planning is done, work break-down structure is to be followed so that each and every team member knows what work he/she has to perform. The managers also need to work on the various other factors that include scope change, managing issues, risk management, and the process of communication. He/she should adopt different risk management techniques and be prepared in advance to overcome any kind of risk he/she is expecting in the future. The managers need to be aware and forecast the vulnerabilities of the project and make pre parations according to that to save time that could have wasted (Wood, 2002). Program evaluation and review method is beneficial too as the review of the plan so maintained from time to time is also critical to provide opportunities to the members for making changes that are needed to achieve desired results and this will also benefit in knowing whether the work done is accurate or not. Managers are required to engage and have an eye on each and every operation and activities undertaken and maintain effective co-ordination between all the cycles and process of project management including its members. This will enhance the efficacy of the project and helps in determining various opportunities that exists which will provide benefits during the process (Lau Ng, 2013). Drill down method is another important dimension that affects time factor by breaking down problems into smaller manageable parts. Then the estimation of the project time and schedule plays a dominant role in managing project. It defines and establish estimates of the time by adopting different wa ys to meet and understand time constraints. It helps in identifying whether the project will be completed on time or not and provide scope for changes in accordance with the availability of time. An effective communication strategy is to be developed by the project manager so that the wastage of time can be eliminated. Communication is the factor that affects the task completion and have an extreme impact on the task results. If the communication is not proper and accurate between the seniors and other team members, the project is bound to suffer in an adverse manner. As this directly affects the working structure and leads to several misunderstandings if the information is not properly communicated (Kaiser, El Arbi, Ahlemann, 2015). Optimum utilization of available resources is also a determinant factor that helps in elimination of extra wastage of time on several occasions and ensures the time limit of the project. If proper techniques are adopted and effective decisions are made to make use of all the resources in a productive manner by the project manager then also the time factor can be controlled and minimized up to a certain extent. Adequate use of information is vital to identify and assess the potential of risks and its consequences. Managers need to identify and analyze all the sources of information so that the timely decisions are to be taken (Gladden, 2013). Conclusion It is the duty of the project manager to assemble and link all the factors that can in any way reduce the time limit and create favorable output without affecting its budget, quality, and other important determinants of the project. The project is ensured to provide desired outcomes within the specified deadline if the proper guideline is to be followed and effective measures are to be adopted by the project manager. The accurate mix of planning, execution, and action is very necessary in order to make a project successful. To ensure the completion of the project on time, the managers need to understand what is important and accordingly prioritize and organize the activities (Remington Soderholm, 2010). Then he/she must take important decisions regarding the project requirements and risk management, and perform the activities needed for the task and take immediate and appropriate actions. In this way, the project manager can ensure the completion of the project successfully and on t ime. References Bennatan, E. (2000).On time within budget. New York: Wiley. Bryde, D. (2005). Methods for Managing Different Perspectives of Project Success.British Journal Of Management,16(2), 119-131. Gladden, R. (2013). Project Psychology: Using Psychological Models and Techniques to Create a Successful Project.Proj Mgmt Jrnl,44(2), 99-99. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Kaiser, M., El Arbi, F., Ahlemann, F. (2015). Successful project portfolio management beyond project selection techniques: Understanding the role of structural alignment.International Journal Of Project Management,33(1), 126-139. Lau, E. Ng, P. (2013). Review Of Time-Cost Optimization Techniques In Construction Project Management.Ejm,13(3), 75-84. Remington, K. Soderholm, A. (2010). Time: one factor influencing the project management of change.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,2(3), 221. Wood, D. (2002). Risk Simulation Techniques to Aid Project Cost-Time Planning and Management.Risk Management,4(1), 41-60.